Hit Angularjs $injector: unpr error when creating custom angular directive -

i defined blew directive:

 define(['angular', './routes', './services', './controllers'], function(angular, userroutes, userservice, usercontroller) {   'use strict';    var app = angular.module('yourprefix.user', ['ngcookies', 'ngroute', 'user.routes', 'user.services']);   app.directive('pwcheck', function ($document) {          return {            restrict: 'a',            require: 'ngmodel',            link: function (scope, elem, attrs, ctrl) {              var firstpassword = '#' + attrs.pwcheck;              elem.add(firstpassword).on('blur', function () {                scope.$apply(function () {                  var v = elem.val()===$(firstpassword).val();                  ctrl.$setvalidity('pwmatch', v);                });              });            }          };        }).directive('oldpwdcheck', function($document, $log, userservice){          return {            restrict: 'a',            require: 'ngmodel',            link: function(scope, elem, attrs, ctrl) {              var oldpwd = '#' + attrs.oldpwdcheck;              elem.add(oldpwd).on('blur', function() {                scope.$apply(function(){                  var pass = {};                  pass.value = elem.val();                  userservice.validatepassword(pass).then(function(result) {                    $log.info(result);                    ctrl.$setvalidity('oldpwdmatch', result);                  });                });              });            }          };        });   return app; }); 

for dependency userservice definition:

define(['angular', 'common'], function (angular) {   'use strict';    var mod = angular.module('user.services', ['yourprefix.common', 'ngcookies']);   mod.factory('userservice', ['$http', '$q', 'playroutes', '$cookies', '$log', function ($http, $q, playroutes, $cookies, $log) {     var user, token = $cookies['xsrf-token'];      /* if token assigned, check token still valid on server */     if (token) {       $log.info('restoring user cookie...');       playroutes.controllers.users.authuser().get()         .success(function (data) {           $log.info('welcome back, ' + data.name);           user = data;         })         .error(function () {           $log.info('token no longer valid, please log in.');           token = undefined;           delete $cookies['xsrf-token'];           return $q.reject("token invalid");         });     }      return {       loginuser: function (credentials) {         return playroutes.controllers.application.login().post(credentials).then(function (response) {           // return promise can chain           token = response.data.token;           return playroutes.controllers.users.authuser().get();         }).then(function (response) {           user = response.data;           return user;         });       },       logout: function () {         // logout on server in real app         delete $cookies['xsrf-token'];         token = undefined;         user = undefined;         return playroutes.controllers.application.logout().post().then(function () {           $log.info("good bye ");         });       },       getuser: function () {         return user;       },       modifypassword: function(newpwd) {         return playroutes.controllers.users.modifypassword(user.id).put(newpwd).then(function(response) {           return response.data;         });       },       validatepassword: function(oldpwd) {         return playroutes.controllers.users.validatepassword(user.id).put(oldpwd).then(function(response) {           return response.data;         }).catch(function(error){           $log.error(error);           return false;         });       }     };   }]);   /**    * add object route definition allow resolving route if user    * logged in. adds contents of objects dependency of controller.    */   mod.constant('userresolve', {     user: ['$q', 'userservice', function ($q, userservice) {       var deferred = $q.defer();       var user = userservice.getuser();       if (user) {         deferred.resolve(user);       } else {         deferred.reject();       }       return deferred.promise;     }]   });   /**    * if current route not resolve, go start page.    */   var handlerouteerror = function ($rootscope, $location) {     $rootscope.$on('$routechangeerror', function (/*e, next, current*/) {       $location.path('/');     });   };   handlerouteerror.$inject = ['$rootscope', '$location'];   mod.run(handlerouteerror);   return mod; }); 

the code works fine on local machine, error raised when deployed code remote aliyun machine. learning angular , not able figure out what's problem. how can fix it?

error:  [$injector:unpr] http://errors.angularjs.org/1.3.15/$injector/unpr?p0=eprovider%20%3c-%20e%20%3c-%20oldpwdcheckdirective 

from angular doc

implicit annotation

careful: if plan minify code, service names renamed , break app.

you need ensure code using inline array annotation of di while injecting dependency. if not using cause issue while minifying javascript.

 app.directive('pwcheck',['$document', function ($document) {      return {        restrict: 'a',        require: 'ngmodel',        link: function (scope, elem, attrs, ctrl) {          //code here        }      };    }]).directive('oldpwdcheck', ['$document', '$log', 'userservice', function($document, $log, userservice){      return {        restrict: 'a',        require: 'ngmodel',        link: function(scope, elem, attrs, ctrl) {          //..code..herer..        }      };    }]);